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Anticuerpos monoclonales: ¿qué son y cómo podrían convertirse en un arma contra el coronavirus?

In this May 7, 2020, photo, anesthesiologist Manuel Sotelo III squeezes a ball as he donates plasma so his antibodies can be transferred to help a COVID-19 patient at the Cardinal Santos Medical Center at San Juan in Manila, Philippines. Sotelo was tested positive for the COVID-19 and has now recovered. Like many health workers, Sotelo now lives alone while his family stays on the other side of town for fear that he might bring home the virus as he goes back to the hospital to take care of patients. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
In this May 7, 2020, photo, anesthesiologist Manuel Sotelo III squeezes a ball as he donates plasma so his antibodies can be transferred to help a COVID-19 patient at the Cardinal Santos Medical Center at San Juan in Manila, Philippines. Sotelo was tested positive for the COVID-19 and has now recovered. Like many health workers, Sotelo now lives alone while his family stays on the other side of town for fear that he might bring home the virus as he goes back to the hospital to take care of patients. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila) Aaron Favila

En paralelo a la carrera para encontrar una vacuna contra el nuevo coronavirus, las grandes compañías farmacéuticas también compiten para hallar lo antes posible anticuerpos monoclonales, un arma capaz de neutralizarlo.

Los anticuerpos monoclonales se utilizan desde hace unos 30 años para tratar el cáncer o las enfermedades inflamatorias y podrían servir también contra el SARS-CoV-2, el nombre científico del nuevo coronavirus que provoca la enfermedad covid-19.

En su origen, estos anticuerpos son moléculas producidas naturalmente por el sistema inmunitario para desencadenar un ataque contra peligros específicos como las células cancerígenas, las bacterias o los virus.

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